在准备美国入籍考试之前,先了解学习方法和注意事项非常重要。本考试主要测试申请人对美国历史、政府体系、公民权利与义务的基本了解,掌握这些内容不仅有助于顺利通过考试,更能帮助你成为一名有责任感的公民。以下是一些学习建议:
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制定学习计划:将 100 道题按主题(美国政府、历史、地理、象征、节日)分阶段学习,每天集中攻克一定数量的问题,避免一次性记忆过多内容。
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理解而非死记:很多问题不仅是事实记忆,更涉及理解。例如宪法的原则、三权分立、法治等概念,理解背后的意义比单纯记忆答案更有帮助。
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结合实际记忆:尝试把历史事件和现代生活联系起来,比如国旗象征、总统权力、重大历史事件等,帮助加深记忆。
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多种复习方式:可以通过朗读、书写、做小测验或用闪卡复习题目,加强记忆效果。也可与朋友互相提问,模拟真实考试环境。
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关注时效性问题:有些问题涉及现任总统、副总统、议员等,需要注意最新情况。可以在复习时查阅官方信息,以确保答案准确。
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保持耐心与信心:考试内容虽然多,但只要方法得当、按计划复习,你一定能够掌握。每学会一个知识点,都是向公民身份迈进的一步。
小心得:学习入籍考试不仅是为了通过考试,更是深入了解美国社会、政府与历史的机会。通过这些题目,你将对美国的民主价值观、公民责任有更深的理解,也能更好地融入社区,成为一名自信、有责任感的公民。
American Government – Principles of American Democracy
美国政府 – 美国民主的基本原则
1. What is the supreme law of the land?
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国家最高的法律是什么?
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the Constitution
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宪法
2. What does the Constitution do?
2. 宪法的作用是什么?
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sets up the government
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建立政府架构
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defines the government
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确定政府权力与职责
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protects basic rights of Americans
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保障美国人的基本权利
3. The idea of self-government is in the first three words of the Constitution. What are these words?
3. 宪法开头三个字体现了人民自治的理念。这三个字是什么?
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We the People
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“我们人民”
4. What is an amendment?
4. 什么是“修正案”?
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a change (to the Constitution)
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对宪法的修改
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an addition (to the Constitution)
-
对宪法的补充
5. What do we call the first ten amendments to the Constitution?
5. 宪法前十条修正案被称为什么?
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the Bill of Rights
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《权利法案》
6. What is one right or freedom from the First Amendment?
6. 《第一修正案》保障的一项权利或自由是什么?
-
speech
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言论自由
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religion
-
宗教自由
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assembly
-
集会自由
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press
-
新闻自由
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petition the government
-
向政府请愿的自由
7. How many amendments does the Constitution have?
7. 宪法共有多少条修正案?
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twenty-seven (27)
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27 条
8. What did the Declaration of Independence do?
8. 《独立宣言》做了什么?
-
announced our independence (from Great Britain)
-
宣布美国独立(脱离英国)
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declared our independence (from Great Britain)
-
正式宣告美国独立(脱离英国)
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said that the United States is free (from Great Britain)
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表明美国获得自由(不再受英国统治)
9. What are two rights in the Declaration of Independence?
9. 《独立宣言》中提到的两项权利是什么?
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life
-
生命
-
liberty
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自由
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pursuit of happiness
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追求幸福
10. What is freedom of religion?
10. 什么是宗教自由?
-
You can practice any religion, or not practice a religion.
-
你可以信仰任何宗教,也可以不信仰任何宗教。
American Government – Principles of American Democracy
美国政府 – 美国民主的基本原则
11. What is the economic system in the United States?
11. 美国的经济制度是什么?
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capitalist economy
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资本主义经济
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market economy
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市场经济
12. What is the “rule of law”?
12. 什么是“法治”?
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Everyone must follow the law.
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人人都必须遵守法律。
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Leaders must obey the law.
-
领导人必须遵守法律。
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Government must obey the law.
-
政府必须遵守法律。
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No one is above the law.
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没有人可以凌驾于法律之上。
American Government – System of Government
美国政府 – 政府体制
13. Name one branch or part of the government.
13. 说出政府的一个分支或组成部分。
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Congress
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国会
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legislative
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立法部门
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President
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总统
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executive
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行政部门
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the courts
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法院
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judicial
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司法部门
14. What stops one branch of government from becoming too powerful?
14. 什么能防止政府的某个分支权力过大?
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checks and balances
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制衡机制
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separation of powers
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权力分立
15. Who is in charge of the executive branch?
15. 谁负责行政部门?
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the President
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总统
16. Who makes federal laws?
16. 谁制定联邦法律?
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Congress
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国会
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Senate and House (of Representatives)
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参议院和众议院
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(U.S. or national) legislature
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(美国)立法机构
17. What are the two parts of the U.S. Congress?
17. 美国国会由哪两个部分组成?
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the Senate and House (of Representatives)
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参议院和众议院
18. How many U.S. Senators are there?
18. 美国有多少名参议员?
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one hundred (100)
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100 名
19. We elect a U.S. Senator for how many years?
19. 美国参议员任期是多少年?
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six (6)
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6 年
20. Who is one of your state’s U.S. Senators now?
20. 现在你所在州的一名美国参议员是谁?
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Answers will vary. [District of Columbia residents and residents of U.S. territories should answer that D.C. (or the territory) has no U.S. Senators.]
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答案因州而异。[哥伦比亚特区和美国领地的居民应回答:D.C.(或该领地)没有美国参议员。]
American Government – System of Government
美国政府 – 政府体制
21. The House of Representatives has how many voting members?
21. 众议院有多少名有投票权的议员?
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four hundred thirty-five (435)
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435 名
22. We elect a U.S. Representative for how many years?
22. 美国众议员任期多少年?
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two (2)
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2 年
23. Name your U.S. Representative.
23. 请说出你所在选区的美国众议员姓名。
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Answers will vary.
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答案因选区而异。
24. Who does a U.S. Senator represent?
24. 美国参议员代表谁?
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all people of the state
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全州人民
25. Why do some states have more Representatives than other states?
25. 为什么有些州的众议员比其他州多?
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(because of) the state’s population
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因为该州人口多
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(because) they have more people
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因为人口多
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(because) some states have more people
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因为有些州人口更多
26. We elect a President for how many years?
26. 美国总统任期多少年?
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four (4)
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4 年
27. In what month do we vote for President?
27. 我们在几月投票选总统?
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November
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11 月
28. What is the name of the President of the United States now?
28. 现在美国总统的名字是什么?
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Answers will vary.
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答案可能因时间而异。
29. What is the name of the Vice President of the United States now?
29. 现在美国副总统的名字是什么?
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Answers will vary.
-
答案可能因时间而异。
30. If the President can no longer serve, who becomes President?
30. 如果总统无法继续履职,谁将继任总统?
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the Vice President
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副总统
American Government – System of Government
美国政府 – 政府体制
31. If both the President and the Vice President can no longer serve, who becomes President?
31. 如果总统和副总统都无法继续履职,谁将成为总统?
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the Speaker of the House
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众议院议长
32. Who is the Commander in Chief of the military?
32. 谁是美军总司令?
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the President
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总统
33. Who signs bills to become laws?
33. 谁签署法案使其成为法律?
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the President
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总统
34. Who vetoes bills?
34. 谁有权否决法案?
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the President
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总统
35. What does the President’s Cabinet do?
35. 总统内阁的作用是什么?
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advises the President
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向总统提供建议
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helps the President
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协助总统
36. What are two Cabinet-level positions?
36. 内阁级官员中,举出两个职位。
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Secretary of Agriculture
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农业部长
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Secretary of Commerce
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商务部长
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Secretary of Defense
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国防部长
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Secretary of Education
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教育部长
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Secretary of Energy
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能源部长
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Secretary of Health and Human Services
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卫生与公共服务部长
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Secretary of Homeland Security
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国土安全部长
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Secretary of Housing and Urban Development
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住房与城市发展部长
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Secretary of the Interior
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内务部长
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Secretary of Labor
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劳工部长
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Secretary of State
-
国务卿
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Secretary of Transportation
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交通部长
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Secretary of the Treasury
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财政部长
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Secretary of Veterans Affairs
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退伍军人事务部长
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Attorney General
-
司法部长
-
Vice President
-
副总统
37. What does the judicial branch do?
37. 司法部门的职责是什么?
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reviews laws
-
审查法律
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explains laws
-
解释法律
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resolves disputes (disagreements)
-
解决争议(分歧)
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decides if a law goes against the Constitution
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判定法律是否违宪
38. What is the highest court in the United States?
38. 美国最高法院是什么?
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the Supreme Court
-
最高法院
39. How many justices are on the Supreme Court?
39. 美国最高法院有多少名大法官?
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nine (9)
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9 名
40. Who is the Chief Justice of the United States now?
40. 现任美国首席大法官是谁?
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Answers will vary.
-
答案可能随时间变化而不同。
American Government – System of Government
美国政府 – 政府体制
41. Under our Constitution, some powers belong to the federal government. What is one power of the federal government?
41. 根据宪法,有些权力属于联邦政府。联邦政府的一项权力是什么?
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to print money
-
印钞
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to declare war
-
宣战
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to create an army
-
组建军队
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to make treaties
-
签订条约
42. Under our Constitution, some powers belong to the states. What is one power of the states?
42. 根据宪法,有些权力属于各州。各州的一项权力是什么?
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provide schooling and education
-
提供教育
-
provide protection (police)
-
提供保护(警察)
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provide safety (fire departments)
-
提供安全(消防部门)
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give a driver’s license
-
发放驾驶执照
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approve zoning and land use
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批准土地使用与分区规划
43. Who is the Governor of your state now?
43. 你所在州的州长是谁?
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Answers will vary.
-
答案因州而异。
44. What is the capital of your state?
44. 你所在州的首府是哪里?
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Answers will vary.
-
答案因州而异。
45. What are the two major political parties in the United States?
45. 美国的两个主要政党是什么?
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Democratic and Republican
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民主党与共和党
46. What is the political party of the President now?
46. 现任总统所属的政党是什么?
-
Answers will vary.
-
答案可能随时间变化而不同。
47. What is the name of the Speaker of the House of Representatives now?
47. 现任众议院议长的名字是什么?
-
Answers will vary.
-
答案可能随时间变化而不同。
48. There are four amendments to the Constitution about who can vote. Describe one of them.
48. 宪法中有四条修正案涉及谁可以投票。请描述其中一条。
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Citizens eighteen (18) and older can vote.
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年满 18 岁及以上的公民可以投票。
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You don’t have to pay a poll tax to vote.
-
投票不需要缴纳人头税。
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Any citizen can vote. (Women and men can vote.)
-
所有公民都可以投票。(男女公民均可)
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A male citizen of any race can vote.
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任何种族的男性公民都可以投票。
49. What is one responsibility that is only for United States citizens?
49. 以下哪一项是仅适用于美国公民的责任?
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serve on a jury
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担任陪审员
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vote in a federal election
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在联邦选举中投票
50. Name one right only for United States citizens.
50. 以下哪一项是仅适用于美国公民的权利?
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vote in a federal election
-
在联邦选举中投票
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run for federal office
-
竞选联邦公职
Rights and Responsibilities
权利与责任
51. What are two rights of everyone living in the United States?
51. 居住在美国的每个人都享有哪些权利?
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freedom of expression
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言论自由
-
freedom of speech
-
言论自由
-
freedom of assembly
-
集会自由
-
freedom to petition the government
-
向政府请愿的自由
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freedom of religion
-
宗教自由
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the right to bear arms
-
拥有武器的权利
52. What do we show loyalty to when we say the Pledge of Allegiance?
52. 宣誓效忠(效忠誓言)时,我们表示忠诚的是谁?
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the United States
-
美国
-
the flag
-
国旗
53. What is one promise you make when you become a United States citizen?
53. 成为美国公民时,你需要作出哪一项承诺?
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give up loyalty to other countries
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放弃对其他国家的效忠
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defend the Constitution and laws of the United States
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保卫美国宪法和法律
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obey the laws of the United States
-
遵守美国法律
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serve in the U.S. military (if needed)
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必要时服役美国军队
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serve (do important work for) the nation (if needed)
-
必要时为国家服务
54. How old do citizens have to be to vote for President?
54. 美国公民投票选总统的最低年龄是多少?
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eighteen (18) and older
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18 岁及以上
55. What are two ways that Americans can participate in their democracy?
55. 美国人可以通过哪两种方式参与民主生活?
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vote
-
投票
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join a political party
-
加入政党
-
help with a campaign
-
参与竞选活动
-
join a civic group
-
加入公民组织
-
give an elected official your opinion on an issue
-
就某个问题向民选官员表达意见
-
call Senators and Representatives
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给参议员或众议员打电话
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publicly support or oppose an issue or policy
-
公开支持或反对某项政策
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run for office
-
竞选公职
-
write to a newspaper
-
给报纸投稿
56. When is the last day you can send in federal income tax forms?
56. 提交联邦所得税申报表的最后期限是?
-
April 15
-
4 月 15 日
57. When must all men register for the Selective Service?
57. 所有男性何时必须登记服役(兵役登记)?
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at age eighteen (18)
-
18 岁时
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between eighteen (18) and twenty-six (26)
-
18 至 26 岁之间
American History – Colonial Period and Independence
美国历史 – 殖民时期与独立
58. What is one reason colonists came to America?
58. 殖民者移民美国的一个原因是什么?
-
freedom
-
寻求自由
-
political liberty
-
政治自由
-
religious freedom
-
宗教自由
-
economic opportunity
-
经济机会
-
practice their religion
-
信仰自由
-
escape persecution
-
逃避迫害
59. Who lived in America before the Europeans arrived?
59. 欧洲人到来之前,谁生活在美洲?
-
American Indians
-
美洲原住民
60. What group of people was taken to America and sold as slaves?
60. 哪一群人被带到美洲并被作为奴隶出售?
-
Africans
-
非洲人
American History – Colonial Period and Independence
美国历史 – 殖民时期与独立
61. Why did the colonists fight the British?
61. 殖民者为什么与英国人作战?
-
because of high taxes (taxation without representation)
-
因为高税收(无代表不纳税)
-
because the British army stayed in their houses (boarding, quartering)
-
因为英军驻扎在殖民者家中(兵役驻扎)
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because they didn’t have self-government
-
因为他们没有自治权
62. Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?
62. 谁起草了《独立宣言》?
-
Thomas Jefferson
-
托马斯·杰斐逊
63. When was the Declaration of Independence adopted?
63. 《独立宣言》何时通过?
-
July 4, 1776
-
1776 年 7 月 4 日
64. There were 13 original states. Name three.
64. 原来的 13 个州,请说出其中三个。
-
New Hampshire
-
新罕布什尔州
-
Massachusetts
-
马萨诸塞州
-
Rhode Island
-
罗德岛州
-
Connecticut
-
康涅狄格州
-
New York
-
纽约州
-
New Jersey
-
新泽西州
-
Pennsylvania
-
宾夕法尼亚州
-
Delaware
-
特拉华州
-
Maryland
-
马里兰州
-
Virginia
-
弗吉尼亚州
-
North Carolina
-
北卡罗来纳州
-
South Carolina
-
南卡罗来纳州
-
Georgia
-
乔治亚州
65. What happened at the Constitutional Convention?
65. 宪法大会上发生了什么?
-
The Constitution was written.
-
宪法被起草。
-
The Founding Fathers wrote the Constitution.
-
国父们起草了宪法。
66. When was the Constitution written?
66. 宪法何时起草?
-
1787
-
1787 年
67. The Federalist Papers supported the passage of the U.S. Constitution. Name one of the writers.
67. 《联邦党人文集》支持宪法的通过。请说出一位作者。
-
James Madison
-
詹姆斯·麦迪逊
-
Alexander Hamilton
-
亚历山大·汉密尔顿
-
John Jay
-
约翰·杰伊
-
Publius
-
普布利乌斯(笔名)
68. What is one thing Benjamin Franklin is famous for?
68. 本杰明·富兰克林因何闻名?
-
U.S. diplomat
-
美国外交官
-
oldest member of the Constitutional Convention
-
宪法大会最年长的成员
-
first Postmaster General of the United States
-
美国首任邮政总长
-
writer of “Poor Richard’s Almanac”
-
《穷理查年鉴》作者
-
started the first free libraries
-
建立第一批免费图书馆
69. Who is the “Father of Our Country”?
69. 谁被称为“国父”?
-
George Washington
-
乔治·华盛顿
70. Who was the first President?
70. 谁是美国首任总统?
-
George Washington
-
乔治·华盛顿
American History – 1800s
美国历史 – 19 世纪
71. What territory did the United States buy from France in 1803?
71. 美国在 1803 年从法国购买了哪个领地?
-
the Louisiana Territory
-
路易斯安那领地
72. Name one war fought by the United States in the 1800s.
72. 请说出 19 世纪美国参与的一场战争。
-
War of 1812
-
1812 年战争
-
Mexican-American War
-
美墨战争
-
Civil War
-
内战
-
Spanish-American War
-
美西战争
73. Name the U.S. war between the North and the South.
73. 请说出南北战争的名称。
-
the Civil War
-
南北战争
-
the War between the States
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南方各州战争(南北战争别名)
74. Name one problem that led to the Civil War.
74. 导致南北战争的一项问题是什么?
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slavery
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奴隶制
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economic reasons
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经济原因
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states’ rights
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州权问题
75. What was one important thing that Abraham Lincoln did?
75. 亚伯拉罕·林肯做过的一项重要事情是什么?
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freed the slaves (Emancipation Proclamation)
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解放奴隶(《解放宣言》)
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saved (or preserved) the Union
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保卫了联邦
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led the United States during the Civil War
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在南北战争期间领导美国
76. What did the Emancipation Proclamation do?
76. 《解放宣言》做了什么?
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freed the slaves
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解放奴隶
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freed slaves in the Confederacy
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解放了南方邦联的奴隶
77. What did Susan B. Anthony do?
77. 苏珊·安东尼做了什么?
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fought for women’s rights
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为女性权利而斗争
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fought for civil rights
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为公民权利而斗争
78. Name one war fought by the United States in the 1900s.
78. 请说出 20 世纪美国参加的一场战争。
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World War I
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第一次世界大战
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World War II
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第二次世界大战
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Korean War
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朝鲜战争
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Vietnam War
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越南战争
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(Persian) Gulf War
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(波斯湾)战争
79. Who was President during World War I?
79. 第一次世界大战期间的总统是谁?
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Woodrow Wilson
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伍德罗·威尔逊
80. Who was President during the Great Depression and World War II?
80. 大萧条和第二次世界大战期间的总统是谁?
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Franklin Roosevelt
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富兰克林·罗斯福
American History – Recent American History and Other Important Historical Information
美国历史 – 近期美国历史及其他重要历史信息
81. Who did the United States fight in World War II?
81. 美国在第二次世界大战中与谁作战?
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Japan, Germany, and Italy
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日本、德国和意大利
82. Before he was President, Eisenhower was a general. What war was he in?
82. 艾森豪威尔在成为总统之前是一名将军,他参加了哪场战争?
-
World War II
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第二次世界大战
83. During the Cold War, what was the main concern of the United States?
83. 在冷战期间,美国最主要的关注点是什么?
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Communism
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共产主义
84. What movement tried to end racial discrimination?
84. 哪一运动试图结束种族歧视?
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civil rights (movement)
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民权运动
85. What did Martin Luther King Jr. do?
85. 马丁·路德·金博士做了什么?
-
fought for civil rights
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为民权斗争
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worked for equality for all Americans
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为所有美国人争取平等权利
86. What major event happened on September 11, 2001, in the United States?
86. 2001 年 9 月 11 日,美国发生了什么重大事件?
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Terrorists attacked the United States
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恐怖分子袭击了美国
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attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon
-
袭击了世贸中心和五角大楼
87. Name one American Indian tribe in the United States.
87. 请说出一个美国印第安部落的名称。
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Cherokee
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切罗基族
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Navajo
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纳瓦霍族
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Sioux
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苏族
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Chippewa
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奇佩瓦族
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Choctaw
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乔克托族
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Pueblo
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普韦布洛族
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Apache
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阿帕切族
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Iroquois
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易洛魁族
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Creek
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克里克族
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Blackfeet
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黑脚族
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Seminole
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塞米诺尔族
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Cheyenne
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夏延族
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Arawak
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阿拉瓦克族
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Shawnee
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肖尼族
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Mohegan
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莫希干族
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Huron
-
休伦族
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Oneida
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奥奈达族
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Lakota
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拉科塔族
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Crow
-
科罗族
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Teton
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提顿族
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Hopi
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霍皮族
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Inuit
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因纽特族
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Pueblo
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普韦布洛族
88. Name one of the two longest rivers in the United States.
88. 请说出美国最长的两条河流之一。
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Mississippi
-
密西西比河
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Missouri
-
密苏里河
89. What ocean is on the West Coast of the United States?
89. 美国西海岸临哪个海洋?
-
Pacific
-
太平洋
90. What ocean is on the East Coast of the United States?
90. 美国东海岸临哪个海洋?
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Atlantic
-
大西洋