U.S. Citizenship Test: 100 Questions (2025 Latest Version) – Bilingual Edition with Study Guide

Before preparing for the U.S. citizenship test, it is crucial to understand effective study methods and key considerations. This test primarily assesses applicants’ basic knowledge of U.S. history, government structure, and citizens’ rights and responsibilities. Mastering this content not only helps you pass the test smoothly but also equips you to become a responsible citizen. Below are essential study tips:

Study Recommendations

1. Create a Study Plan: Categorize the 100 questions by topic (U.S. Government, History, Geography, Symbols, Holidays) and study them in phases. Focus on a specific number of questions each day to avoid cramming too much information at once.
2. Understand, Don’t Rote-Memorize: Many questions require comprehension rather than just factual recall. For example, concepts like constitutional principles, separation of powers, and the rule of law—grasping their underlying significance is more helpful than memorizing answers alone.
3. Connect to Real Life: Link historical events and government concepts to modern life (e.g., the meaning of the U.S. flag, presidential powers, major historical events) to deepen memory.
4. Use Diverse Review Methods: Reinforce memory by reading aloud, writing down key points, taking practice quizzes, or using flashcards. You can also quiz each other with friends to simulate the real test environment.
5. Stay Updated on Time-Sensitive Questions: Some questions involve current officials (e.g., the President, Vice President, members of Congress). Verify the latest information through official sources to ensure answer accuracy.
6. Stay Patient and Confident: While the test covers a lot of content, consistent, planned study will help you master it. Every 知识点 you learn is a step closer to obtaining citizenship.

Pro Tip

Preparing for the citizenship test is not just about passing—it is an opportunity to gain a deeper understanding of U.S. society, government, and history. Through these questions, you will develop a stronger grasp of America’s democratic values and civic responsibilities, enabling you to better integrate into your community and become a confident, responsible citizen.

American Government – Principles of American Democracy

1. What is the supreme law of the land?the Constitution
2. What does the Constitution do?
   • Sets up the government
   • Defines the government’s powers and responsibilities
   • Protects the basic rights of Americans
3. The idea of self-government is in the first three words of the Constitution. What are these words?We the People
4. What is an amendment?
   • A change to the Constitution
   • An addition to the Constitution
5. What do we call the first ten amendments to the Constitution?the Bill of Rights
6. What is one right or freedom from the First Amendment?
   • Speech
   • Religion
   • Assembly
   • Press
   • The right to petition the government
7. How many amendments does the Constitution have?twenty-seven (27)
8. What did the Declaration of Independence do?
   • Announced our independence from Great Britain
   • Declared our independence from Great Britain
   • Stated that the United States is free from Great Britain
9. What are two rights in the Declaration of Independence?
   • Life
   • Liberty
   • The pursuit of happiness
10. What is freedom of religion?You can practice any religion, or not practice a religion.

American Government – Principles of American Democracy

11. What is the economic system in the United States?
    • Capitalist economy
    • Market economy
12. What is the “rule of law”?
    • Everyone must follow the law.
    • Leaders must obey the law.
    • The government must obey the law.
    • No one is above the law.

American Government – System of Government

13. Name one branch or part of the government.
    • Congress (Legislative branch)
    • President (Executive branch)
    • The courts (Judicial branch)
14. What stops one branch of government from becoming too powerful?
    • Checks and balances
    • Separation of powers
15. Who is in charge of the executive branch?the President
16. Who makes federal laws?
    • Congress
    • The Senate and House of Representatives
    • The U.S. (or national) legislature
17. What are the two parts of the U.S. Congress?the Senate and House of Representatives
18. How many U.S. Senators are there?one hundred (100)
19. We elect a U.S. Senator for how many years?six (6)
20. Who is one of your state’s U.S. Senators now?Answers will vary. [Residents of the District of Columbia and U.S. territories should answer: “D.C. (or the territory) has no U.S. Senators.”]

American Government – System of Government

21. The House of Representatives has how many voting members?four hundred thirty-five (435)
22. We elect a U.S. Representative for how many years?two (2)
23. Name your U.S. Representative.Answers will vary.
24. Who does a U.S. Senator represent?All people of the state
25. Why do some states have more Representatives than other states?
    • Because of the state’s population
    • Because they have more people
    • Because some states have more people
26. We elect a President for how many years?four (4)
27. In what month do we vote for President?November
28. What is the name of the President of the United States now?Answers will vary.
29. What is the name of the Vice President of the United States now?Answers will vary.
30. If the President can no longer serve, who becomes President?the Vice President

American Government – System of Government

31. If both the President and the Vice President can no longer serve, who becomes President?the Speaker of the House
32. Who is the Commander in Chief of the military?the President
33. Who signs bills to become laws?the President
34. Who vetoes bills?the President
35. What does the President’s Cabinet do?
    • Advises the President
    • Helps the President
36. What are two Cabinet-level positions?
    • Secretary of Agriculture
    • Secretary of Commerce
    • Secretary of Defense
    • Secretary of Education
    • Secretary of Energy
    • Secretary of Health and Human Services
    • Secretary of Homeland Security
    • Secretary of Housing and Urban Development
    • Secretary of the Interior
    • Secretary of Labor
    • Secretary of State
    • Secretary of Transportation
    • Secretary of the Treasury
    • Secretary of Veterans Affairs
    • Attorney General
    • Vice President
37. What does the judicial branch do?
    • Reviews laws
    • Explains laws
    • Resolves disputes (disagreements)
    • Decides if a law goes against the Constitution
38. What is the highest court in the United States?the Supreme Court
39. How many justices are on the Supreme Court?nine (9)
40. Who is the Chief Justice of the United States now?Answers will vary.

American Government – System of Government

41. Under our Constitution, some powers belong to the federal government. What is one power of the federal government?
    • To print money
    • To declare war
    • To create an army
    • To make treaties
42. Under our Constitution, some powers belong to the states. What is one power of the states?
    • Provide schooling and education
    • Provide protection (police)
    • Provide safety (fire departments)
    • Issue driver’s licenses
    • Approve zoning and land use
43. Who is the Governor of your state now?Answers will vary.
44. What is the capital of your state?Answers will vary.
45. What are the two major political parties in the United States?Democratic and Republican
46. What is the political party of the President now?Answers will vary.
47. What is the name of the Speaker of the House of Representatives now?Answers will vary.
48. There are four amendments to the Constitution about who can vote. Describe one of them.
    • Citizens eighteen (18) and older can vote.
    • You don’t have to pay a poll tax to vote.
    • Any citizen can vote (women and men can vote).
    • A male citizen of any race can vote.
49. What is one responsibility that is only for United States citizens?
    • Serve on a jury
    • Vote in a federal election
50. Name one right only for United States citizens.
    • Vote in a federal election
    • Run for federal office

Rights and Responsibilities

51. What are two rights of everyone living in the United States?
    • Freedom of expression
    • Freedom of speech
    • Freedom of assembly
    • Freedom to petition the government
    • Freedom of religion
    • The right to bear arms
52. What do we show loyalty to when we say the Pledge of Allegiance?
    • The United States
    • The flag
53. What is one promise you make when you become a United States citizen?
    • Give up loyalty to other countries
    • Defend the Constitution and laws of the United States
    • Obey the laws of the United States
    • Serve in the U.S. military (if needed)
    • Serve the nation (do important work for the country) if needed
54. How old do citizens have to be to vote for President?eighteen (18) and older
55. What are two ways that Americans can participate in their democracy?
    • Vote
    • Join a political party
    • Help with a campaign
    • Join a civic group
    • Share your opinion on an issue with an elected official
    • Call Senators and Representatives
    • Publicly support or oppose an issue or policy
    • Run for office
    • Write to a newspaper
56. When is the last day you can send in federal income tax forms?April 15
57. When must all men register for the Selective Service?
    • At age eighteen (18)
    • Between eighteen (18) and twenty-six (26)

American History – Colonial Period and Independence

58. What is one reason colonists came to America?
    • Freedom
    • Political liberty
    • Religious freedom
    • Economic opportunity
    • To practice their religion
    • To escape persecution
59. Who lived in America before the Europeans arrived?American Indians
60. What group of people was taken to America and sold as slaves?Africans

American History – Colonial Period and Independence

61. Why did the colonists fight the British?
    • Because of high taxes (taxation without representation)
    • Because the British army stayed in their houses (boarding, quartering)
    • Because they didn’t have self-government
62. Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?Thomas Jefferson
63. When was the Declaration of Independence adopted?July 4, 1776
64. There were 13 original states. Name three.
    • New Hampshire
    • Massachusetts
    • Rhode Island
    • Connecticut
    • New York
    • New Jersey
    • Pennsylvania
    • Delaware
    • Maryland
    • Virginia
    • North Carolina
    • South Carolina
    • Georgia
65. What happened at the Constitutional Convention?
    • The Constitution was written.
    • The Founding Fathers wrote the Constitution.
66. When was the Constitution written?1787
67. The Federalist Papers supported the passage of the U.S. Constitution. Name one of the writers.
    • James Madison
    • Alexander Hamilton
    • John Jay
    • Publius (pen name)
68. What is one thing Benjamin Franklin is famous for?
    • U.S. diplomat
    • Oldest member of the Constitutional Convention
    • First Postmaster General of the United States
    • Author of Poor Richard’s Almanac
    • Founder of the first free libraries
69. Who is the “Father of Our Country”?George Washington
70. Who was the first President?George Washington

American History – 1800s

71. What territory did the United States buy from France in 1803?the Louisiana Territory
72. Name one war fought by the United States in the 1800s.
    • War of 1812
    • Mexican-American War
    • Civil War
    • Spanish-American War
73. Name the U.S. war between the North and the South.
    • The Civil War
    • The War between the States
74. Name one problem that led to the Civil War.
    • Slavery
    • Economic reasons
    • States’ rights
75. What was one important thing that Abraham Lincoln did?
    • Freed the slaves (Emancipation Proclamation)
    • Saved (preserved) the Union
    • Led the United States during the Civil War
76. What did the Emancipation Proclamation do?
    • Freed the slaves
    • Freed slaves in the Confederacy
77. What did Susan B. Anthony do?
    • Fought for women’s rights
    • Fought for civil rights
78. Name one war fought by the United States in the 1900s.
    • World War I
    • World War II
    • Korean War
    • Vietnam War
    • (Persian) Gulf War
79. Who was President during World War I?Woodrow Wilson
80. Who was President during the Great Depression and World War II?Franklin Roosevelt

American History – Recent American History and Other Important Historical Information

81. Who did the United States fight in World War II?Japan, Germany, and Italy
82. Before he was President, Eisenhower was a general. What war was he in?World War II
83. During the Cold War, what was the main concern of the United States?Communism
84. What movement tried to end racial discrimination?Civil rights (movement)
85. What did Martin Luther King Jr. do?
    • Fought for civil rights
    • Worked for equality for all Americans
86. What major event happened on September 11, 2001, in the United States?
    • Terrorists attacked the United States
    • Attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon
87. Name one American Indian tribe in the United States.
    • Cherokee
    • Navajo
    • Sioux
    • Chippewa
    • Choctaw
    • Pueblo
    • Apache
    • Iroquois
    • Creek
    • Blackfeet
    • Seminole
    • Cheyenne
    • Arawak
    • Shawnee
    • Mohegan
    • Huron
    • Oneida
    • Lakota
    • Crow
    • Teton
    • Hopi
    • Inuit
88. Name one of the two longest rivers in the United States.
    • Mississippi (River)
    • Missouri (River)
89. What ocean is on the West Coast of the United States?Pacific (Ocean)
90. What ocean is on the East Coast of the United States?Atlantic (Ocean)

Geography

91. Name one U.S. territory.
    • Puerto Rico
    • U.S. Virgin Islands
    • American Samoa
    • Northern Mariana Islands
    • Guam
92. Name one state that borders Canada.
    • Maine
    • New Hampshire
    • Vermont
    • New York
    • Pennsylvania
    • Ohio
    • Michigan
    • Minnesota
    • North Dakota
    • Montana
    • Idaho
    • Washington
    • Alaska
93. Name one state that borders Mexico.
    • California
    • Arizona
    • New Mexico
    • Texas
94. What is the capital of the United States?Washington, D.C.
95. Where is the Statue of Liberty?
    • New York (Harbor)
    • Liberty Island
    • New Jersey

Symbols

96. Why does the flag have 13 stripes?Because there were 13 original colonies
97. Why does the flag have 50 stars?
    • Because there is one star for each state
    • Because each star represents a state
    • Because there are 50 states
98. What is the name of the national anthem?The Star-Spangled Banner

Holidays

99. When do we celebrate Independence Day?July 4
100. Name two national U.S. holidays.

• New Year’s Day
• Martin Luther King, Jr. Day
• Presidents’ Day
• Memorial Day
• Independence Day
• Labor Day
• Columbus Day
• Veterans Day
• Thanksgiving
• Christmas